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Clean Hydrogen Partnership

Fire on board of the hydrogen-propelled passenger ship

Event

Event ID
945
Quality
Description
The boat was performing a drive test when one of the 280 lead gel batteries exploded and took fire.
The local fire brigade was able to extinguish the fire but the above deck section of the boat was extensively damaged.

According to Volger and to Wannemacher (see references), the automatic fire-alarm system of the hydrogen storage and the fuel cells were "brought in a safe state" and did not suffered any damage.
Event Initiating system
Classification of the physical effects
No Hydrogen Release
Nature of the consequences
Macro-region
Europe
Country
Germany
Date
Root causes
Root CAUSE analysis
The INITIATING cause, as reported by the local news, was an explosion in one of the batteries, which developed into a general fire.

According to one of the reference (T. Wannemacher), the "cause was a wrong battery installation
by an external battery company".

Facility

Application
Non-Road Vehicles
Sub-application
Marine application
Hydrogen supply chain stage
All components affected
hydrogen passenger inland boat
Location type
Confined
Location description
Harbour Or Waterborne
Operational condition
Pre-event occurrences
The boat was built in 2008 and had already successful started service. The fire developed during a drive test, the references do no report the number of people on board at that time.

Description of the facility/unit/process/substances
DESCRIPTION OF THE BOAT
A detailed description of the boat design is given by F. Vogler et al. at the ICHS2011 (see reference). The boat had installed an electrical motor of 160 kW, provided by two fuel cell systems, each with a peak power of 48 kW, and a 560 V lead gel battery pack.
The hydrogen storage system consisted of 12 tanks at 350 bar , for a total of 50 kg.

Emergency & Consequences

Number of injured persons
0
Number of fatalities
0
Post-event summary
No consequence to people. The over deck part was destroyed. No damage occurred to the on-board hydrogen systems.

Lesson Learnt

Lesson Learnt

The boat was the world first boat propelled by hydrogen and fuel cells. Its safety design is described in details by Vogler and by Wannemacher (see references).
According to them, the incident has damaged the public reputation of the fuel cell technologies, but demonstrated the soundness of the safety design:

1) Neither the fuel cell nor the hydrogen were involved in the incident sequence;
2) The preventing and mitigating measures of the hydrogen storage and fuel cells systems worked according to the design;
3) Despite of the massive damages was neither the fuel cell system nor the hydrogen
storage was damaged or endangered;

Event Nature

Release type
no release
Design pressure (MPa)
35
Presumed ignition source
No release

References

Reference & weblink

F. Vogler, and G. Warsig, FUEL CELLS IN MARITIME APPLICATIONS CHALLENGES, CHANCES AND EXPERIENCES, International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS 2001, <br />
http://conference.ing.unipi.it/ichs2011/papers-presentations.htm

F. Vogler, and G. Warsig, FUEL CELLS IN MARITIME APPLICATIONS CHALLENGES, CHANCES AND EXPERIENCES, International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS 2001, <br />
http://conference.ing.unipi.it/ichs2011/papers-presentations.htm

Hamburger Abendblatt - Bergerdorfer Zeitung, news of the 28 April 2010, <br />
https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/bergedorf/vier-und-marschlande/articl… />
(accessed October 2020)

Online Presentation <br />
www.fch.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FT.Wannemacherr_Proton%252… />
(accessed October 2020)

JRC assessment